Social Security Essay -- Welfare Politics Essays

companionable warrantorOn a daily basis senior citizens submit a choice between buying food, paying the rent, or buying medicine. Senior citizens slice pills into halves because they cant affordtheir full prescriptions. (Federal News Service Sept. 2002) Social pledge is what keeps many elderly and disabled Americans from being stricken by meagreness. Without Social Security in our society 15.3 million elderly would have incomes below the pauperization line, however after Social Security was added to the equation only 3.8 million elderly have incomes below poverty. Three-fourths of those elderly people who would have been ridiculous without Social Security were removed from below the poverty line by Social Security. Nearly 90 percent of Americas elderly are lifted from poverty by Social Security. Currently nearly 44 million Americans receive benefits under Social Security, making it one of the nations largest anti-poverty programs existing today. Although many Americans are too not helped by Social Security and linger at the fringes of society because the money is not enough to live in America today, even with Social Security adjusting to inflation. Today, the average Social Security benefit is less than $10,000 a year, and for women the average benefit is closer to $9,000. For most seniors, especially those who live in high-cost areas much(prenominal) as my home state of New Jersey, thats barely enough to maintain even a basic standard of living. Unfortunately 11.9% of Americans who receive Social Security are still below poverty level. Its shocking that over ten-percent of a country of 281 million people can have that much of its citizens in poverty. (http//www.cbpp.org/4-8-99socsec.htm) just c... ...ll. The biggest part of privatization is letting the person decide how to invest their Social Security since it is given to them to be invested, rather than put in a private method of accounting after being taken fr om the persons paycheck as is the current government policy. Americans could then invest in stocks, corporate bonds, government bonds, money market funds, and annuities. The republican Party then goes further to say there is less risk and makes many more Americans feel safer. Although there are risks in everything we do. Bibliography http//www.cbpp.org/4-8-99socsec.htm Socialsecuritychoice.org The New York quantify Company, October 10, 2002 New York Section Section A, Page 30, Column 1 U.S. Newswire Inc., October 8, 2002 Section National Desk Federal News Service Inc., September 24, 2002 Section Press convocation or Speech

Essay --

The formula for baking soda is NaHCO3 (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate_).The chemical formula for vinegar is CH3COOH (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acid). The chemical formula for the reaction is NaHCO3 + CH3COOH = CaCO3 + 2NaCl + H2O + CO2. The calcium pinch from the calcium chloride molecule forms a new marry with the carbon trioxide form the sodium bicarbonate. This creates one of the product calcium carbonate, which is a covalent bond (https//answers.yahoo.com/ indecision/index?qid=20070328160450AAVglRs). The two chlorine atoms left from the calcium chloride molecule is bonded with the sodium atom in the sodium bicarbonate to create sodium chloride, an ionic bond (http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/molecule/nacl.html). The left over atoms are two hydrogen atoms, three group O atoms, and one carbon atom. The two hydrogens form the water molecule with an oxygen atom, and ionic bond (comp book). Then all that is left is the carbon and the other two ox ygen atoms. These three form the CO2 that is released. Below is a effect summarizing most of this paragraph.How would you give models or examples of any reaction? Well, in terms of 3D models, you should make sure that all the atoms in the product are impact to the number atoms in the reactants when they are combined. No atom is lost or created during the reaction. The same requirements go for writing an equation, as shown in the photo above. you can withal write a formula for the product. Something that you must remember is that the metal reactant always comes first. The non metal reactant comes in second, and it usually end in -ide. (http//www.deltacollege.edu/emp/preedy/Handouts/Nomenclature%20Handout.pdf) Last, but not least, the easiest way to show a r... ... when a reaction happened and how to make it happen faster, but do you know to identify the reactants and the products, and how did it bonded? in terms of acid or base, you can use a pH meter or even some pH paper. After you use them, compare the color you get to the collection plate that should be included. You can also look at the formula for the product to find the reactants, telling you what is in it. The elements on the periodic table are organised based on the number of electron rings and valence electrons, which determine if they will bond and with what. The element carbon has biggest number of bonds, which is four. Carbon can be covalently bonded, meaning sharing electrons with another element, comparable in the calcium carbonate. Carbon can also be an ionically bonded, meaning the opposite charges of non metal ions and metal ions attract, like in sodium chloride. (comp book)

Tortilla Curtain Essay -- essays research papers

Tortilla Curtain Jack JardineJack Jardine is a very interesting character in the story Tortilla Curtain. He has a very strong influence on Delany Mossbacher, one of the central characters in the story. His influences, along with the tragic string of events concerning Delany and Candido, produce a complete turn virtually in the ideals of Delany by the end of the story. At the start of the story Delany is a liberal humanist, albeit a hypocritical one, but by the end of the story Delany is carrying a throttle looking for Candido.It is easy for readers to categorize Jack as a cruel, cold hearted, upper class bigot considering his actions and words. I have to admit I think he comes off that way sometimes. But he also is a lot more than just that. He isnt stupid. In many ways his reasoning somewhat illegal immigrants makes a lot of sense. Illegal immigration does hurt the economy. Illegal immigrants do take away jobs from citizens. But Jack takes it to such an extreme that it is lower ing for one to feel that his views of illegal immigrants and his sentiments about them are purely a result of his concern about the economy and the state. Dont be surprised, because this is only the beginning. Were under military blockade here-and theres going to be a backlash.(pg. 146)Jack acts like citizens are in some kind of war with illegal immigrants. With sentiments like this it is hard to deny that he has a bit of paranoia. It is very interesting that he says citizens are under siege from illegal immigra...

Schizophrenia: A Matter of Perception? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Schizophrenia A Matter of Perception?The brain fills the pieces of information contractable from the sensory environment that are not there or missing. For example, the blind spot in our eyes have no sensory light receptors, hence images focused on that spot are not transmitted to the brain. In fact, a hole should exist in our visual perception from the images projected onto our blind spot. This does not happen as our brain fills in the spaces with ongoing patterns that fit the image of our vision. Also, what we see and what is interpreted from what is seen spreads across a broad spectra from one individual to another. This indicates that there is no real format by which to understand polar individuals perceptions. Every input from the sensory environment is formatted and placed into context by our brain. Our brain organizes each situation into a format that makes sense to our schemata. So what happens when ones train of thought is fragmented and ones brain is unable to organize t hese fragments into a comprehensible pattern? Imagine if at times, your experiences become a slide show, fragments of experiences that do not come together. This is, in fact, how many people suffering from schizophrenia describe their experiences (1). Have you ever had an experience or a vision that righteous does not make sense? Maybe you might not understand the cause and the outcome of a certain experience or situation, but either memory is placed into context. Our brain makes sure of this. So, when seemingly unrelated fragments of information are sent to the brain, it attempts to combine these fragments together into a most logical manner. Is it doable that the reason that schizophrenics have an impaired sense of reality is because their brains logic is askew? Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychopathologies present today. Its causes are still vague, and the symptoms parti-color across a large spectrum. However, two generalized grouped of symptoms have been identifi ed for schizophrenics positive symptoms, and negative symptoms. Negative symptoms include lack of activity, anhedonia, and loss of interest. confirming symptoms include disorganized speech, hallucinations, and delusions experiences (1).Individuals with schizophrenia commonly experience a disorder in their perception. Their surroundings are unreal and their external sensory environment seems different from what they previously knew. In fact, their perceptions become derailed misinterpreting situations and the chronology of events. They are unable to distinguish between reality and imaginary.

Winston Churchill :: essays research papers

Winston ChurchillSir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born at Blenheim Palace on Nov. 30,1874. His father was Lord Randolph Churchill, who descended directly from the1st duke of Marlborough, of whom Winston was to write a biography. His motherwas Jennie Jerosme, an American. Churchills childhood was unhappy. He spentmost of his time at school, something he didnt really love. His teacherscaracterized him as bright, but stubborn and obstinate. He loved to read historyand poetry, however, and was fascinated by soldiers and battles. From childhoodhe had an extraordinary memory. Winston Churchhill didnt want to go touniversity. Instead, he enrolled in the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. Hegraduated in 1894. After run in Cuba and India, he worked as a war-correspondent in Northern India, Sudan and in South Africa, where he wascaptured by the Boers. His daring escape made him an nightlong celebrity.Churchill always wanted to become a politician. His wish came true in 1900, when he was elected to the Parliment as a Conservative, and he quickly made his mark.His policy-making sympathies began to change, however, and he "changed sides" in1904, when he abandoned the Conservative party for the Liberals. When theLiberals came to power in 1905, Churchill entered the government as secretary ofstate for the colonies. In 1908, the family of his conglutination to Clementine Hosier,he became a piece of the cabinet as president of the Board of Trade. Winstonspolitical missions became more and more important, in 1910 he became a member ofthe Admirality. In 1913-1914 Churchill completed British naval preparations forwar. During World War Churchhill made some fatal mistakes in war strategy. Thiswas one of the main reasons that he was aloof from the Admirality when theConservatives (many of whom now detested him) joined the government in 1915.After a period of active military service in France, he was re-elected in theParliment. He became minister of munitions under the prime minister David LloydGeorge. He subsequently served as secretary of state for war and air and for thecolonies and helped negotiate the treaty that created the Irish resign State. Buthe lost both his office and his seat in Parliament when Lloyd Georges coalitiongovernment fell in 1922.Over the next year or two, Churchill gradually moved back into alliance with theConservatives. He used to remark with a mischievous twinkle, "Any fool can rat,but I flatter myself that it takes a certain ingenuity to re-rat." Returning toParliament in 1924, he was offered the post of chancellor of the exchequer in

Winston Churchill :: essays research papers

Winston ChurchillSir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born at Blenheim Palace on Nov. 30,1874. His father was shaper Randolph Churchill, who descended directly from the1st duke of Marlborough, of whom Winston was to write a biography. His motherwas Jennie Jerosme, an American. Churchills childhood was unhappy. He spentmost of his time at school, slightlything he didnt really love. His teacherscaracterized him as bright, only when stubborn and obstinate. He loved to read historyand poetry, however, and was fascinated by soldiers and battles. From childhoodhe had an extraordinary memory. Winston Churchhill didnt want to go touniversity. Instead, he enrolled in the princely Military College at Sandhurst. Hegraduated in 1894. After service in Cuba and India, he worked as a war-correspondent in Northern India, Sudan and in South Africa, where he wascaptured by the Boers. His daring escape made him an overnight celebrity.Churchill always wanted to become a politician. His wish ca me true in 1900, whenhe was elected to the Parliment as a Conservative, and he quickly made his mark.His political sympathies began to change, however, and he "changed sides" in1904, when he abandoned the Conservative party for the Liberals. When theLiberals came to power in 1905, Churchill entered the government as deposit ofstate for the colonies. In 1908, the year of his marriage to Clementine Hosier,he became a member of the cabinet as president of the bill of Trade. Winstonspolitical missions became more and more important, in 1910 he became a member ofthe Admirality. In 1913-1914 Churchill completed British naval preparations forwar. During World War Churchhill made some fatal mistakes in war strategy. Thiswas one of the main reasons that he was removed from the Admirality when theConservatives (many of whom now detested him) joined the government in 1915.After a gunpoint of active military service in France, he was re-elected in theParliment. He became minister of munitions under the prime minister David LloydGeorge. He subsequently served as secretary of state for war and air and for thecolonies and helped negotiate the treaty that created the Irish Free State. Buthe lost both his office and his seat in parliament when Lloyd Georges coalitiongovernment fell in 1922.Over the next year or two, Churchill gradually moved back into alliance with theConservatives. He used to watch with a mischievous twinkle, "Any fool can rat,but I flatter myself that it takes a certain ingenuity to re-rat." Returning toParliament in 1924, he was offered the post of chancellor of the exchequer in

Edge Detection in Claud Classification

It is a certain number of gradient operators using small arrays of pixels were tested in this study, in order to check their capacity to properly detect significant boundaries between different CTT and eventually cloud types. This capacity is 14 visually tested against rule CTT images. Among the sensors applied are the cagy, Roberts, Sobel and Kayyali 15 SENW (to be named here SENW) edge detectors, and the Harris corner and edge detector. The Roberts edge detector employs mainly 2 pixels in a 2*2 matrix for each computing direction (horizontal and vertical). The test conducted show a lesser sensitivity to edges i.e. the variation range of gradients is limited compared to the other methods.The Canny 18 method uses a 5*5 pixel matrix, that undergoes preliminary filtering before the use of a smaller-array gradient detector, making the calculation procedure longer. The Sobel detector uses a 3*3 matrix where 6 pixels practically contribute to 20 the gradient. The SENW edge detector is based on the Sobel approach for edge maculation but employs mainly 4-corner 21 pixels (upper and lower left, and right) in a 3*3 pixel-matrix, the remaining 5 pixels between the corners are set to zero.The Harris detector detects some(prenominal) edges and corners.

A Comparison of W.K Clifford and William James’s Arguments

Clifford and throng Summaries of W. K. Clifford and William mobs arguments for popular opinion In this paper, I hope to effectively summarize W. K Cliffords (1879) argument on the ethics of effect, followed by a summary of William mob (1897) argument on the right to gestate, and fin all(prenominal)y, provide an argument for why W. K Cliffords (1879) argument is knock-down(prenominal)er by highlighting its strengths trance simultaneously arguing against William James (1897) argument. According to Clifford (1879), there is an ethics to belief that makes it always wrong for each champion to believe anything on in fitted evidence.Clifford (1879) begins his paper by providing an illustrative analogy one where a ship-owner is preparing to send to sea a ship filled with innocent men, women, and children. Prior to its departure, incertitudes had been brought to his cargon regarding its condition and the possibility of a failure to complete the voyage. The ship-owner, now in a dile mma, successfully convinces himself that because the ship had weathered so homosexualy storms and successfully entire so many voyages, it was fit to believe that the ship was fit to sail.He acquired a sincere belief that the ship would successfully complete the voyage despite its evident faults. Eventually, the ship sank. Clifford (1879) argues that the ship-owner is responsible for the death of those innocent men and women non provided did the ship-owner ignore the doubts regarding the ships capabilities, but he acquired a false belief by simply stifling his doubts. Yes, he felt sure about the ships capabilities but, he only acquired such a conviction by allowing himself to believe it, and not base on sufficient evidence.Clifford (1879) also argues that in the event the ship had not sank and had completed the voyage, the ship-owner would not start out been innocent, he would only conduct been not found out. (498) In essence, Clifford (1879) argues that the outcome has no effect since the origin of his belief was flawed and based on whims sooner than evidence. In anformer(a)(prenominal) analogy where a group of men atomic number 18 accused for manipulating children, Clifford (1879) argues that those who accused the innocence of the men based on self-propagated beliefs be not honourable men, (499) no matter of whether the accused were guilty.He illustrated the ideology that no accusation gage be made unless there is sufficient evidence to supplement it if sufficient evidence cannot be found, and then the individual loses the right to believe that certain belief, as he will harm himself and valet. Clifford (1879) argues it is right and necessary to examine evidence on both sides of any belief with patience and care. Right, because when a man is so consumed by a belief so as to not entertain other movement, he can still choose the action stemming from that belief thus, he has a vocation to investigate on the ground of the strength of his con victions. (499) And necessary, because those who become consumed by their self-sponsored beliefs must know a rule to deal with actions stemming from those beliefs. Clifford (1879) argues no one belief is isolated from the action that follows, and no belief is ever truly insignificant. No individual can judge the validity of his beliefs in an unbiased manner thus, the actions following beliefs, regardless of being true or false, can have strong implications on our next if not corrected now. Clifford (1879) argues it is essential to continuously judge our beliefs and validate them based on sufficient evidence.Finally, Clifford (1879) argues our beliefs are not personal property rather, our words, our phrases and processes and modes of thought are common property. Belief is ours not for ourselves, but for humanity. (500) Because our actions which stem from our beliefs affect those around us, Clifford (1879) deems it a universal duty to constantly doubt our closely held beliefs. Al though we naturally do not like to find that we are really ignorant and powerless, (500) Clifford argues it would be a crime and a sin on humanity to acquire a sense of power when the belief has not been sufficiently investigated and earned.Clifford (1879) is a strong proponent of proof-based beliefs and of the continuous criticism of beliefs held backed by loose evidence. In rescript to advance as a fair and in force(p) society, our beliefs must be evaluated and supported by evidence which is fair and just, and not by apparent truisms which execute our personal power struggles, insecurities, and lack of interest. William James (1897), on the other hand, attempts to define the permissible cases in which it is intellectually respectable to believe without sufficient evidence.James (1897) begins by providing tether criterion for judging beliefs either beliefs are 1) living or dead 2) force or avoidable or 3) momentous or trivial. A make out hypothesis is one where the hypothesis appeals to the existing beliefs of the individual a forced hypothesis is one where one must choose between alternatives, and cannot proceed without doing so and finally, a momentous hypothesis is one where there is a lot at stake and/or when the decision is irreversible. James(1897) argues that certain actions and convictions need pre-existing beliefs which do not require sufficient evidence.He uses Pascals Wager as an example James (1897) argues Pascals Wager may force individuals in choosing to either believe in God or not, regardless of there being sufficient evidence to prove the existence of the constellationer or latter. However, James (1897) argues that different pro smears hold varying meanings and importance to different individuals it is individuals pre-existing beliefs which form future beliefs once further information is received. James (1897) ac whopledges the fact that many beliefs are pre-supposed and without sufficient evidence.To challenge Clifford (1879), he sa ys our belief in truth itself that there is a truth what is it but a passionate affirmation of relish, (505) effectively question Cliffords (1879) double-standard if Clifford (1879) requires sufficient evidence for beliefs, where is the sufficient evidence to support the belief of truth held by scientists and philosophers alike? Then, James (1897) extends the argument to say we want to have a truth it is our will which pushes us to believe in a truth and puts us in a continually beat(p) and better position towards it. (505) In discussing telepathy, James claims scientists do not want to consider the evidence for telepathy because they think that even if such a thing were true, scientists ought to band unneurotic to keep it suppressed It would undo the uniformity of Nature and all sorts of other things without which scientists cannot carry on their pursuits. (505) James argues that the very law which the logicians impose upon us is based on nothing but their own natural wish t o exclude all elements for which they an find no use. (506) Thus, James effectively argues that even the scientists passionate convictions and prejudices form their beliefs, as we see in the case of telepathic research. Finally, in this section, James (1897) argues such behaviour re-inforces Pascals Wager a pre-existing belief can generate further beliefs, and that logic alone is not enough. Then, James (1897) takes two approaches in looking at the duties in matters of opinion that we must know the truth, and we must avoid error.James (1897) argues it is impractical and unrealistic to know the truth while simultaneously avoiding error it hardly ever happens that by merely disbelieving B we necessarily believe A. We may in escaping B fall into believing other falsehoods, C or D, just as bad as B, (506) says James (1897). Then, James (1897) argues that the risk of being wrong or in error is trivial compared to the possibility of stumbling upon real knowledge and of indefinitely gue ssing true. (506) In his opinion, it is better to continue to guess or hope for the truth than to continuously deny certain beliefs until sufficient evidence surfaces.He believes it is better to be light-hearted in the regard of evaluate certain beliefs than to constantly question and doubt. James (1897) argues that in most matters, the decision to choose between various options is not so momentous and urgent that a false belief to act on is better than no belief at all. He says seldom is there any such a speed up that the risks of being duped by believed a premature theory need be faced. (507) James (1897) then goes on to state that modern sciences skittishness and yearning to technically verifying the truth may cease her to care for truth by itself at all. (507) In extending this argument, he states that although technical evidence is strong and important, human passions are stronger. He then poses his final question that of weighing the perils and benefits of waiting with im punity until the sufficient evidence is found. In essence, he asks if there are forced options in mans already speculative questions, and whether it is wise to continue to wait until sufficient evidence arrives. In leading up to his conclusion, James (1897) argues that the desire for a certain truth can help bring about its existence so, desire or the will to discover a fact can help create the fact.He infers this to mean that the beliefs conjured and held by our passionate minds may prove to be instrumental in providing the sufficient evidence to justify those beliefs. In conclusion, James (1897) argues that because righteousness is forced and momentous, we cannot remain skeptical and continue to wait, as we will lose the good provided by religion if we continue to wait in the resembling fashion that we choose to disbelieve in the first place James (1897) argues that it is better to risk the chance of error than the loss of truth.Finally, James (1897) argues that to believe in r eligion or God with the notion of being right is the prerogative of the individual and is undertaken at his own risk if the individual wishes to put himself in the best position possible to enjoy the fruits of the after-life, then society and/or sciences imposed rules and laws of requiring sufficient evidence for the chip of that God or religion is unjustified. It is the individuals personal decision and he alone assumes the risk as such, his right must be respected.James argues that individuals have a right to believe without sufficient evidence so long as the belief is live, momentous and is forced. He argues that it is impractical to continue to wait for sufficient evidence to surface while the chance to believe gradually dissipates. Now that I have summarized Clifford (1879) and Jamess (1897) articles, I would like to elaborate further as to why Cliffords (1879) argument is stronger than Jamess (1897) in the area of religious belief.In his article, James (1897) made a number of references to the apparently frivolous actions of scientists and their narcissistic habits of waiting for sufficient evidence. However, his rendition of live hypotheses still does not give sufficient reason to believe in a certain belief without first establishing a solid ground for its verification. First, in any experiment, sufficient evidence is to be based on objective proof which can reasonably prove that the latter cannot hold truer than the former. However, when beliefs are formed based on passion and human emotion, how can one achieve any objectivity?How can there be fair grounds for comparison? How can one individual, who, in his own right, is passionately convinced of his belief based on nothing more than emotion convince the other that his belief is superior when the other individual believes on the same token? Second, James (1897) continually criticizes scientists for their ways and states sciences search for technical verification is a shun for the truth however, would modern science have discovered the cure of diseases and made significant inroads in the field of medical research had it stuck with one belief and not explored other avenues of growth?Is it, then, morally right to continue to hold certain medical hypotheses valid while simultaneously rejecting other possibilities when such an act could concern the lives of millions? Should there not be room for a reasonable amount of doubt and criticisms within ones beliefs to continually improve, rather than degrade, as James (1897) suggests? Yes, James suggests that evidence should be required when the matter at hand is a significant one but who can be a fair judge on the magnanimity of such a topic?Thus, although it may be tedious and inconvenient to continually question and doubt ones basis for belief, it is necessary and categorically the right thing to do. We owe it to ourselves and to mankind to be honest with one another, and not believe just to satiate our personal thirst for power. Finally, James (1897) asks that those who believe regardless of whether they have evidence or not must be left alone and have the right to live and let live. I vehemently disagree.As Clifford (1879) suggested, beliefs turn into actions, and by the time we realize the action undertaken was an immoral one, it is usually too late. We are all connected any thoughts in my mind, or yours, can affect others in an infinite number of ways. As James (1897) stated, most everyday beliefs will not affect others drastically however, there is a fraction of beliefs which can turn actions affecting many people or any one person in profound ways, either negatively or positively.In such a scenario, do we want to leave open the possibility of unfounded beliefs adversely affecting most persons life? Do we want to run the risk of hurting a loved one and/or our reputations because we were too lazy or did not find the issue momentous or live enough to gather sufficient evidence for a belief? Thus, alt hough Cliffords (1879) proposition may seem, again, tedious or time-consuming, it is the only way of ensuring we close the cracks and do our best to ensure a fair society. subsequently all, in the presumption of innocence, our legal system whole caboodle in a similar way the legal system ensures every accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty, regardless the magnitude of the verdict, because it knows the implications of sending an innocent man to prison. Thus, every belief by the prosecution and defence must be backed by sufficient evidence beyond a reasonable doubt. After analyzing the summaries of the respective philosophers W. K.Clifford (1879) and William James (1897) I hope it has become evident that sufficient evidence to support beliefs is not only right and necessary for us, but for humanity as a whole. As a society, we cannot shun substantive, technical evidence because we are satisfied with our pre-existing beliefs. To advance as a society, it is our universal d uty to continually question our beliefs and search for sufficient evidence in forming our new beliefs. References Pojman, Louis, & Rea, Michael. (2012). Philosophy of Religion An Anthology. Boston Clark Baxter.

The Limitations of the Freedom of Speech

Does the First Amendment mean anyone can say anything at any time? No. The Supreme Court has spurned an rendition of speech without limits. Because the First Amendment has such strong language, we begin with the presumption that speech is nurseed. Over the years, the courts have decided that a few other public interests for example, content security, justice or personal safety override freedom of speech. There are no simple rules for determining when speech should be limited, but thither are some general tests that help.Clear and Present Danger Will this act of speech create a dangerous situation? The First Amendment does not protect statements that are uttered to provoke violence or incite illegal action. Justice Holmes, speaking for the unanimous Supreme Court, stated, The question in every bailiwick is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a fetch and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that C ongress has a right to prevent. Fighting Words Was something said face-to-face that would incite present(prenominal) violence? InChaplinsky v. parvenue Hampshire, the Supreme Court stated that the English language has a number of words and expressions which by general consent are combat words when said without a disarming smile. Such words, as ordinary men know, are likely to cause a fight. The court determined that the New Hampshire statute in question did no more than prohibit the face-to-face words plainly likely to cause a breach of the peace by the addressee, words whose speaking constitute a breach of the peace by the speaker including classical fighting words, words in current use little classical but equally likely to cause violence, and other disorderly words, including profanity, obscenity and threats. Jurisdictions may write statutes to punish verbal acts if the statutes are carefully cadaverous so as not unduly to impair liberty of expression. Also seeWhat is the Fighting Words Doctrine? Libel and Slander Was the statement false, or put in a context that makes true statements misleading? You do not have a constitutional right to tell lies that damage or defame the reputation of a person or organization. Obscenity In June 1973 inMiller v. California, the Supreme Court held in a 5-to-4 decision that indecent materials do not enjoy First Amendment protection. InMiller v. California(1973), the court refined the definition of obscenity established inRoth v.United States(1957). It also rejected the utterly without redeeming social value test ofMemoirs v. Massachusetts. In the three-part Miller test, three questions must receive affirmative responses for material to be considered obscene 1. Would the add up person, applying the contemporary community standards, viewing the work as a whole, find the work appeals to the prurient interest? 2. Does the work depict or describe intimate conduct in a patently offensive way? 3.Does the work taken as a whole lack serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value? One must distinguish obscene material, speech not protected by the First Amendment, from indecent material, speech protected for adults but not for children. The Supreme Court also ruled that higher standards may be established to protect minors from exposure to indecent material over the airwaves. InFCC v. Pacifica Foundationthe court recognized an interest in protecting minors from exposure to vulgar and offensive spoken language. Conflict with Other Legitimate neighborly or Governmental Interests Does the speech conflict with other compelling interests? For example, in multiplication of war, there may be reasons to restrict First Amendment rights because of conflicts with national security. To suss out a fair trial without disclosure of prejudicial information before or during a trial, a judge may place a fray order on participants in the trial, including attorneys. Placing prior restraint upon the media us ually is unconstitutional. InNebraska Press Association v.Stuart(1976),the Supreme Court established three criteria that must be met before a judge can issue a gag order and restrain the media during a trial. Time, Place, and Manner These regulations of expression are content-neutral. A question to ask Did the expression occur at a time or place, or did the speaker use a method of communicating, that interferes with a trustworthy government interest? For example, distribution of information should not impede the flow of traffic or create excessive noise levels at certain times and in certain places.

Alicia My Story, Book Summary Essay

The main character in this story is a Jewish girl named Alicia. When the book starts she is ten years old, she lives in the Polish town of Buczacz with her four brothers, Moshe, Zachary, Bunio, and Herzl, and her mother and father . The holocaust experience began subtly at origin when the Russians began to occupy Buczacz. When her brother Moshe was killed at a Boys School in Russia and her father was ga in that locationd up by German authorities, the reality of the whole situation speedily became very real. Her father was taken away shortly after the Russians had moved disclose and the Germans began to occupy Buczacz.Once the Germans occupied, they moved the Jewish population of Buczacz into mass ghettos. Alicia and the rilievo of her family had to share a house with several other families which had also been driven away of there homes. The only source of income in this situation was to sell things at the marketplace, and even there, Jews were forbidden. Alicia went anyway and sold what she could for food and money. One day her brother Bunio disappeared from the ghetto. Alicia and her family found out(p) later on that he had been taken to a work camp, barely that they could send food packages to him.Shortly after this, Alicia was taken into custody by German officials and put on a train to another work camp. Alicia managed to get around from this train by jumping through a small window. She found her way to a river which led her back to the ghetto. By this while several batch in the ghetto had been feeling the effects of the impoverished conditions. Starvation, Typhoid, and other diseases, were beginning to take its toll on the people who lived in the ghetto. Then one day, Alicia found out that her brother Bunio had been killed in the work camp. A boy had escaped so they lined up all the boys and shot every fourth one.As succession progressed, Alicia began assuming more responsibility for the daily tasks of the family such as red ink out and trad ing for more food in places other than the marketplace. While this was going on, Zachary and a hardly a(prenominal) other boys from the ghetto had been forming a sort of resistance. One day Alicia was in organize that her brother had been hanged. After Zacharys death, Alicia was befriended by a woman named Bella. She met umteen an(prenominal) good friends in the ghetto including a future friend as well as savior, Milek . Months later, Alicia and several other people were rounded up and sent to a prison in Chortkov.Here the conditions were very poor. Every day more and more people were taken out and shot. On the inside of the cells it was a sinkhole of germs and diseases. Every morning the jailkeepers would go around the cell and kick people to see if they were still alive. One of these cartridge clips Alicia was taken for dead and put onto a wagon with other bodies. The driver of the wagon found her, nursed her back to better health and then brought her back to the ghetto. Duri ng this time, before, and after she returned to the ghetto attempts to rid the ghettos of Jews were called actions.To escape macrocosm caught by the German police who took part in the actions, they built large bunkers to hide from their captors. After several of these actions, the Buczacz ghetto had been emptied by more than half. At this point the time came to move to a new ghetto. Alicia had been in this new ghetto only a short time when another action occurred. This time Alicia was captured and brought to a mass sombre with a multitude of other Jews. Just when Alicia was about to be shot Milek took a gun from one of the shooters and began shooting other officers. Alicia took advantage of this opportunity, as she had many others, and ran for her life.She ran fast and far until she found herself coming into a town which was surrounded with tilled fields. She discovered she could work in exchange for a small pith of food. She worked hard in these fields and was able to let her mo ther in Buczacz know that she was safe. Alicia was reunited with her mother and they returned to this community where they lived for about a year. She also found out that her youngest brother Herzl had been taken away and killed Alicia would work at these fields and get food, she would bring some back to her mother who, because of poor health, was resting in seclusion just about of the day..One day they met a nice old man that was sort of an outcast from the rest of the community. He let them stay with him and another Jewish family that he was taking care of in his shack. They stayed here during the winter while Alicia still searched for food, in the process, making many friends. News came one day that the Germans were beginning to turn over back from the Russian fronts and Germanys grip on the Jews in Poland was weakening. This news made Alicia and her mother move away from the old man who helped them. Alicia and her mother had formed a very close friendship with the kindly man.W hen Alicia and her mother arrived in Buczacz they moved into a regular apartment and began to live a semi-normal life. It was not ample after Alicia had moved back into Buczacz that the Germans took over the town again. In this raid on the Jews, Alicias mother was killed by the Germans. Alicia was taken to another prison where she would later be transported to another mass grave. While she was waiting, she devised a plan to escape the mass grave by running down a hillside and into a river. When they were lined up to be shot she ran to the river.She hid there all night and once again she had escaped the Germans. As she made her way back, she became friends with a group Russian Jews who were fighting with the Russians. She even earned a medal from them because she had helped a number of them escape from a prison cell. Her bravery was not overlooked. Returning to Buczacz she found that there wasnt much left for her there, so she moved away with a person to a nearby town. She was in th is town less than a few hours when her and her friend were taken into custody by the Russian police.What had happened was that her friend was suspected of selling things in the black market ( which she was ) and the police wanted to find out who was buying things from her. Over a span of 8 months they were kept but finally they were released. They received a lot of money from people that had been saved by their withholding of evidence. Alicia and her friend took this money and bought a train ticket to Lodz. They were stopped in Lvov because they went to get some tea while stopped at a station, but the train took off without them and they left all of their belongings on the train. Next they boarded a train to Krakow, and parted ways there.In Krakow, Alicia was staying at a rather large house with another family. She built a sort of orphanage by gathering up homeless children from the neighborhood. She lived with this family for a long time, and during this time she learned about a wa y that she could go to Eretz Island, Israel where she could be safe. She left her orphanage and went on a long journey where she met many people that were give care her, in that she didnt like to see people suffer. Alicia made it to Israel but was taken by British border patrol officers to a jail on Cypress for coming into the country illegally. She was then released from Cyprus.

Key learning point Essay

Power refers to the extent to which one can satisfy their target goals, of necessity or desires. Power can be used either to dominate or control the other, or can be used to work together with the other party involved. Whichever way power is used it gives one an edge over the other party in negotiations. Information provides an important source and a means of acquiring power. Reason for SelectionInformational power comes from a persons ability to assemble data to support his positions, arguments, or desired outcomes. This imagination provides an important tool in challenging the other partys position, or undermine their arguments or propositions during negotiations. Application to a business or in-person situation A year ago, I was talking to a bushel who was naked at one of the centers I am marketing my pharmaceutical products.The doctor openly rubbished my product saying he had absolutely no scope for it in his medical practice basing his argument on the position of a respect doctor in the area of medicine in which my product is applied. What this doctor did not know is that from my market survey on my product and competitor brands neural impulse in the market, the doctor he claimed was the top prescriber of my product in that town . I provided the evidence and within a month I received a call from my manager that the doctor had placed an LPO for my product.Action or steps taken to improve I read widely and extensively on new trends in my area of work undertake market survey on different issues seek the opinion of experts attend seminars and conferences on various topics and in ecumenical try to keep an open mind, maintain my curiosity about life and watch informative programs.References Squidoo (2010). A goldmine of journal Writing Prompts. Retrieved on thirtieth July, 2010, from http//www. squidoo. com/journalwritingprompts

Darkest Child

In the novel The Darkest Child the author Delores Phillips displays the activities and resemblingly hood of growing up in the still racist thick(p) South. The main character Tangy Mae encounters hardships and tribulations amongst her family. Her mother sour grass Quinn displays negative habits of a mother by being over controlling of her kids. Rozelle often mystify and called her children names out of frustration and rage. Tangy Mae and her siblings must step up to the plate in order for the family to make a living without a find figure while dealing with their scolding mother.In the story the Darkest Child the mother Rozelle Quinn is a thirty five year old tall thin lady with dark grey eyes and so fair-skinned that she can pass for w gain grounde is the mother of ten children including Tangy Mae who all lived in fear of her moods and temper. Rozelle favors her light-skinned kids, but insists that they all love and obey her unquestioningly. Tangy Mae is her smartest and darkes t colored child, and her mother treated her different because of that.Tangy Mae went to school longer than all of her other siblings and cute to continue but her mother wouldnt allow her to because she wanted her to work like the rest of her siblings. Her mother would often beat her and her other siblings an example from the bind is The belt looped through the air in a rush, but instead of striking Martha blue jean it cut into my shoulders, neck, and back. It knocked me off balance. (Phillips 119) Her mother would always tell her things like she was ugly.She would talk to her kids anyway she would like and always threatened them to get her point across for example Effortlessly, Mama wrapped her other arm around Martha Jeans neck and breathed into her ear, dumb bitch. You no-good, dumb bitch. Ill break yo goddam neck. (Phillips 118) But in some manner through all the stressful sit arounduations Tangy somehow still managed to keep her head up and stay strong through it all. Their mother had a mental illness she would Satans in here, she say in a hollow voice, her gaze darting about the room.While I was gone, one of yall let satan in my house. Who was it? No one spoke. Dont sit there like idiots. I wanna know who did it. (Phillips 69-70) This shows that Tangy Maes mother suffers from an mental illness. Tangy Mae and her siblings have been through it all from racism to being baldly mistreated by their mother. Their mother wanted to be in control of their whole life and if her kids ever went against something she said and didnt obey her rules she would brutally hit them and call them all types of names.

Ethical rights

Normally this cheating would not affect her but in this chemistry class the teacher grades on a curve. If the kids do well on the test because of cheating the curve would not be In the favor of the other kids and Francesca. Francesca Is debating If she should let it go or enunciate the teacher. If Francesca uses the utility test it would be ethical for her to tell the teacher that her friends were cheating on the mid-term so the curve is not effected. With Francesca telling the teacher is would be maximizing the effectual for her.Her friends that are cheating on the mid-term would the effect Francesca because then If she falls this test she would be catch up the semester. With the semester almost ever she wouldnt concord the time to safe her grade from a bad test score. With the failing of the test it could set her up to fail the class. With turn up telling, it would not be maximizing the good for her on the test the chances of her loll aroundting a good grade goes down a lot be cause of her friends cheating. By telling the teacher it would put her in a chance to better asses how much she knows of what she has been learning.With the test not showing her true ability In the class, and the teacher would not see what type of student she in truth This Is why It would be better for her to tell her teacher close her friends that were cheating. By Francesca also telling the teacher it would maximize the good for the class. Without the cheaters setting the curve at a crazy high it give them a fair chance to get a good grade, unlike the students who really studied testament get a bad one. With the cheaters getting away with it would put the class In an unfair disadvantage.The class would then see that would have to study way much then they have to when they truly did not. This effect would effect all of the other students classes. By them spending more time to study for this class and not the others, to have got up for this bad grade, they might get behind in there other classes. This all leads to unneeded stress on the students where they stress enough about school, sports and other extra circular activeness. This is how by her telling would maximize the good for the class as students. Another reason why It would be better for her to tell the teacher Is that It would help the teacher.With the classing doing badly on the test is would reflect badly on the teacher. The teacher would think that he is not teaching the students the right real(a) and there not getting it. With the teacher not really knowing why the students did bad he would have to feel that he needs to explicate more about what ex.s teaching. While compared to if he knew there was the cheaters he would get a true assent of where his students are In the class, and see what they need more help label the teacher as one you can easily cheat with for other future students.That is why by Francesca telling the teacher it would reach him. The cheating doesnt does not Just affect the class if Francesca does not tell if really affects the school. If the student are cheating in this class what to say this is the plainly class they are doing it in. This could be Just one of the five classes they are cheating in. If Francesca tell the teacher, he give tell the school know. The school ordain then take the actions that are need to make sure these practise happen again with these students.Other teacher that have these students in there class will be notified to make sure there not cheating in there class also. With the school stopping the cheating it could be saving the paper of the school. Cheating is a big deal for schools, they would take the approbate actions in punishments to make it clear to the cheating students that if they are caught again cheating the consequences would be uttermost more severe next time. The ravish that could from the students cheating could effect way more then the teacher and school now, but there own Jobs and nine in the futu re.This introduction to chemistry could Just the start for these students where other classes just get harder and harder. They would be more likely to cheat in the classes to come if they got away with it the first time. The cheating would help the students get jobs they do not deserve What if one of the student wanted to be a experimental biological chemist in the future, and he got away with all of his years in school cheating and not really learning the materiel he was taught. Then in society he makes a horrible go wrong and the effect that would have would be far greater then the present time in college.That is why with Francesca telling the teacher now it would possibly have less repercussions later. Some people would say that it is better for Francesca not to tell that her friends where cheating. Her friends know that they axiom that she had seen them cheating on the mid-term. With her telling the teacher could lose those friends and also create far more drama outside of clas s. They all dorm together and her friends will be mad at her that she told and whatever there punishment would be, failing the mid-term ND on watch by the school, they would blame her for it.This could cause more harm for Francesca then good for all the other people affected. They could also say that if she really was studying and not waiting till the last minute she wont have to worry about what grade they get on the test. It could also effect there standing with the school, she does not know if this is there first warning and they might get a more severe consequence this time. All of these reasons are wrong because the affects that would have on the few student could not out way the affects that it could possibly have on the everyone else.That is why Francesca is ethical by telling the teacher according to the utility test. The effect that the cheating students would have on the Francesca, the class, teacher, school and society in the future is far greater. It was the choice if t he students to go out instead of studying was there own fault. They knew the consequence of cheating and they motionlessness decided to go ahead with it, it not Francesca fault that she wanted to have a fair chance on the test like all the other students. That is why is would be better that Francesca tells that she saw the other students cheating when the

Indus Motors

Indus force play along (IMC) is a joint approximate between the rear of Habib , Toyota Motor pile Japan (TMC) , and Toyota Tsusho Corporation Japan (TTC) for assembling, progressive manufacturing and marketing of Toyota vehicles in Pakistan since July 01, 1990. IMC is engaged in sole distributorship of Toyota and Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd. vehicles in Pakistan through and through its enfranchisement network. The high society was merged in Pakistan as a human beings limited company in December 1989 and started commercial turnout in May 1993. The plowshargons of company are quoted on the stock exchanges of Pakistan.Toyota Motor Corporation and Toyota Tsusho Corporation go for 25 % stake in the company equity. The majority shareholder is the House of Habib. IMCs production facilities are set at Port Bin Qasim industrial Zone near Karachi in an area measuring everyplace 105 acres. Indus Motor companys plant is the lone(prenominal) manufacturing site in the realness where both Toyota and Daihatsu brands are being manufactured. Heavy investiture was made to build its production facilities based on state of art technologies. To witness highest level of productivity world-renowned Toyota Production Systems are implemented.IMCs Product line includes 6 variants of the newly introduced Toyota Corolla, Toyota Hilux Single confine 42 and 4 versions of Daihatsu Cuore. We as well have a wide range of imported vehicles. integrated Profile Our Profile Indus Motor Company Private Limited, (trade name, Indus Motors) is the top ranking Maruti Dealer in India. The Company having its registered office at Indus House, Chakorathukulam, Calicut and Corporate Office at Thevara, Kochi was incorporated on 11th July, 1984. The business flavor of the company is started by starting their Ist Dealership in Calicut in the year 1986.The sale of Maruti vehicle is thoroughly boosted by marketing intelligence of the Indus Motors. Indus maintains the no. 1 dealer positio n continuously for the last atomic number 23 years. Based on the recent business reports, the company delivers one Maruti Car in every 13 minutes. The company go forth assist the customer from the time of choosing vehicle model, colour, finding the best(p) finance resource that suits them. They will constantly keep the customer update about their vehicle status until the delivery of the vehicle is done.In case of servicing of vehicles, the company is at their armed service, with options of collecting vehicle from doorstep and once the whole kit over deliver it back to the customer. They have Maruti on Road Service in case customers vehicle gets breakdown on the way. Their Maruti skilled technicians will come to the location where and rectify the line or if it is a major work that has to be attended at the workshop the vehicle will be towed to the nearest Service Station. Our Vision Transform Indus into World Class Dealership Forever No. 1 in IndiaDelighted customers and Del ighted Employees Our Mission We will pursue the development of our financial and valet de chambre resources through diversified business activities, in an ethical and socially responsible manner and in chiliad with the advancements of the day. We will uphold a professional code of conduct in the pursuit of our goals and are commit to taking up social responsibilities as a corporate citizen by dedicating a significant share of our productive surpluses for espousing social causes that would benefit our employees, their families and the society at large. chair Managing theatre director Mr. Abdul Wahab P V, Chairman PEEVEES Bridgeway sort of Companies Mr. P V Abdul Wahab is a person who rose from a humble background and now is a dynamic entrepreneur heading the PEEVEES and Bridgeway Group of companies. Today, Mr. Wahabs business portfolio includes a conglomerate spread across India and the Middle East. Besides his business interests, Mr. Wahab is associated with various cultural and social organizations and He Elected unopposed as Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha) from Kerala for the period from 2004 to 2010.He is a member of Rajiv Gandhi International Sports Foundation, Malabar Development Board, Malabar Chamber of transaction and Chairman, Malabar Airport Development Action Committee (MADAC). Besides various distinguished awards, Mr. Wahab was also honoured in House of Commons, London in November 2003. board of Directors Sl No Name Designation 1 Mr. Abdul Wahab P V Chairman Managing Director 2 MR. P. A. IBRAHIM HAJI Vice Chairman 3 MR. P. V. MUNEER Director 4 MR. P. V. ALI MUBARAK Director 5 MRS. YASMIN WAHAB Director 6 MR. T P AJITH KUMAR Director 7 MR. T P ANIL KUMAR Director MR. JABER ABDUL WAHAB Director 9 MR. AJMAL ABDUL WAHAB Director 10 MR. P. A. MOHAMMED SHAFI Director Values Beliefs The enduring belief that their corporate requirement is inextricably entwined with those of the employees and customers carries them towards a profitable and ethical business model. Quality Policy Customer satisfaction through fibre services achieved by through constant adherence and continual improvement in quality services and systems following P. D. C. A (Plan, Do, Check and Act) technique in all their functions and actions complying with the requirements.Dealerships of the Company 1st dealership in Calicut 1986 2nd in Kochi 1991 3rd in Trivandrum 1994 4th in Muvattupuzha 2005 5th in Royapettah, Chennai 2006 sixth in Kattupakkam, Chennai 2008 As on today, Indus has 6 Dealerships 40 Workshops 10 True Value Outlets 2 Maruti crusade Schools 18 E-Outlets 75 sales outlets Major departments gross r plainue Service True value Spares Accessories Insurance Sales support Institute Maruti Driving School INDUS GROUP CAR SALES TREND 9745 997 333 9847 000 000 INTRODUCTION OF INDUS labor COMPANYIndus Motor Company (IMC) is a joint venture between the House of Habib,Toyota Motor Corporation Japan (TMC) , and Toyota Ts usho Corporation Japan (TTC) for assembling, progressive manufacturing and marketing of Toyota vehicles in Pakistan since July 01, 1990. IMC is engaged in sole distributorship of Toyota and Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd. vehicles in Pakistan through its dealership network. The company was incorporated in Pakistan as a public limited company in December 1989 and started commercial production in May 1993. The shares of company are quoted on the stock exchanges of Pakistan.Toyota Motor Corporation and Toyota Tsusho Corporation have 25 % stake in the company equity. The majority shareholder is the House of Habib. IMCs production facilities are located at Port Bin Qasim Industrial Zone near Karachi in an area measuring over 105 acres. Indus Motor Companys plant is the only manufacturing site in the world where both Toyota and Daihatsu brands are being manufactured. Heavy investment was made to build its production facilities based on state of art technologies. To ensure highest level of pr oductivity world-renowned Toyota Production Systems are implemented.IMCs Product line includes 6 variants of the newly introduced Toyota Corolla, Toyota Hilux Single Cabin 42 and 4 versions of Daihatsu Cuore. We also have a wide range of imported vehicles. VISION AND MISSION IMCs Vision is to be the most respected and successful enterprise, delighting customers with a wide range of products and solutions in the automobile industry with the best people and the best technology. * The most respected. * The most successful. * Delighting customers. * Wide range of products. * The best people. * The best technology. Mission of Toyota is to provide safe & sound journey.Toyota is developing various new technologies from the perspective of muscularity saving and diversifying energy sources. Environment has been first and most important issue in priorities of Toyota and working toward creating a prosperous society and clean world. PRESENT PERFORMANCE Currently the company is performing well in automobile sector of country. Its sales for the year 2003-2004 is 29,565 units. It has captured the largest automobile market share in the country. It is greatly bestow in human resource development by training and other such activities.The demand for its products is more(prenominal) than the companys capacity. Its has certain advantages upon its competitors like largest market share, customers liking of its products more than its competitors. The company is continues to maintain a strong commitment towards its Human Resource. To enhance Consumer Satisfaction, extensive training programs were held during the year. Company continuously arrange service campaigns in the cities where its dealerships are present to provide quality service to customers and collect their complaints, suggestions and comments about company.The company also checks its dealerships continuously for not only maintaining but enhances its standards to give to customers maximum satisfaction. FUTURE OUTLOOK Wi th the growth of the economy, political stability and availability of car financing, our automobile market has immense potential. According to some estimates, including that of the Pakistan Automobile Manufacturers joining (PAMA), the demand for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles could grow from 115,000 units to 160,000 units by 2006. nvestment by the industry could double to Rs 98 billion, employment could grow up from 170,500 to 290,000, and the industrys contribution to the national exchequer could jump from the veritable Rs. 51. 50 billion to Rs. 121 billion. However, for the automobile sector to realize this potential, it needs a clear, consistent and longterm government policy so that automobile manufacturers and vendors, specially our foreign partners, feel confident of making long term investment for future expansion.The status of our localization program in the post TRIMS era is still unclear even though the government has applied for an expansion of TRIMS app licability for another two years (up to December 2005). The world is becoming more and more open. We can learn from other countries e. g. India and Thiland, who have adopted policies that not only assist indigenous manufacturing but also make their manufacturing internationally competitive. MANAGEMENT POLICIES Management as a team at Indus Motor Company is committed to comply with the requirements of our Integrated Management System and to attack to continuously improve upon it in order toManufacture high Quality Products. Generate Customer Satisfaction. allow Service to the Society. Maintain Market Leadership. Identify and avoid/mitigate those environmental aspects which have negative environmental impacts. Comply with all applicable legal, regulatory and other requirements related to Environment, Health and Safety. Design and maintain facilities, cave in systems, provide training and conduct operations in a manner that safeguard people and correctty.Identify, respect & mitiga te health risks related to our operations that potentially affect our employees, contractors and the public. MANUFACTURING FACILITIES Just in Time personality implies two opposing forces of providing fast and flexible response to customers, yet building in force(p) mechanisms and systems that are efficient and waste-free. The concept is to provide the pay off product and information, at the right time, in the right amount, in the right manner, while maintaining high standards of efficiency and cost control.We have to SWOT STRENGHTS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREAD Strengths Qualified and well adroit staff Biggest sale network Best production plant in the world Financial untouchable Biggest market share People Trusted Products High Quality Products ISO Certified Resale value Customer circumspection Customized products Brand Image Availability of Spare parts Best delivery system (Transportations) Weaknesses High hurt of Products Political instability Low per cap ita income of public Less overhead rates of competitors Increasing Prices of Oil insurrection inflation Opportunities Industry expansion Technology upgrading Strong Position * Market Integration opening up * Opportunity growing in other countries * Newly developed Areas/Markets (e. g. Gawader) * Favorable govt. policies * Big Market * thriftiness is expanding Threats Chinese cheaper products challenges Free Trade & WTO Strong competition from competitors in near future Instability of Government High rate of Taxation Bad infrastructure ORGANIZATION HIERARCHEY The above chart shows the centralization in the industry.The main decision comes from the Chairman of the company while Board of Directors approves his decisions and this implement in organization by respective committees. The Board of directors is committed to good corporate governance. The company is managed and supervised responsibly and proper inhering controls and risk management policy. Its procedures are in p lace for efficient and effective operations of the company, safeguarding of assets of the company. This is compliance with laws and regulations and proper financial reporting in accordance with International Financial Reporting standards. indu

Ancient Greece and Its Influence

Ancient Greece The some authoritative Civilization Throughout history, elaborations start out had m each designs of government and many styles of art and architecture. But despite most fantastic architecture and some legitimate puzzle outs of government, no civilizations look at influenced todays government, art and architecture preferably like the quaint Hellenics. The Hellenics invented res publica, which is the common government of the twenty-first speed of light. Also, the Greeks were the first to create detailed sculptings and enforce the column, the same columns, in fact, that line the White House today.While some civilizations generate overly created awe-inspiring architecture, they have not been as influential as the ancient Greeks. Although other civilizations have made contributions to twenty-first century life, none have do much than the Greeks. Their detailed art, stupefy architecture and revolutionary idea of democracy have become staples in modern society. While other works of architecture have been prominent, no contributions have topped that of ancient Greece. Previous to the Greeks, art was primitive. It consisted of just simple pastel drawings or underlying sculptures. The Greeks, without a doubt, revolutionized art.For the first time in history, great diligence has been offered in the area of fine details and perfection. John Boardman, a renowned professor of ancient Greek art give tongue to Greek artists of the one-fifth and fourth centuriesB. C attained a manner of representation that conveys a vitality of life as well as a sense of permanence, clarity, and harmony (Boardman 3). Greek art helped initiate the Greco-Buddhist art movement. Also, Greek art has directly influenced and inspired Michelangelo. Not only was the level of detail unprecedented for the time, but similarly the architecture of the sculptures was truly remarkable.The balance of weight needed to achieve every piece is beyond unthinkable. This is also the first time people have ever been sculpted in motion. For example, the Egyptians would always paint or sculpt people in stationary poses, while the Greeks sculpted people, in particular men, playing best-selling(predicate) sports at the time, such as javelin tossing. In the area of architecture, Greeks again have set groundbreaking precedents. Most notably in the area of column design. The Greeks had three main types of columns. In order of simplicity, were the Doric, Ionic and man-about-town columns respectively.Since their creation, they have been a defining mark on just about any Greek building. Today, wholly over the world, these columns are still used functionally and as design features. As well, the Greeks built stunning temples devoted to their many Gods and Goddesses. The designers of these temples took many things into account that had never been thought of before. Dr. Robert Guisepi of Cambridge University is a leader in the work of Greek history. In his word s, the designers of temples took into account Column spacing and height and the curvature of floor and rooflines (Guisepi 47).He proceeds to say, They were calculate and executed with remarkable precision to achieve a perfect balance, both structurally and visually (Guisepi). The demo presented has clearly proven that Greek art and architecture are far from archaic, rather, vital, ubiquitous and, above all, influential in everyday life. Every civilization, both before and after the ancient Greeks have had a form of government. Most civilizations adopted an autocratic organization by which one man held the balance of power. Prior to the Greeks, in that respect was little variation in this system.Around 550BC, that all changed. Athens developed the first democratic system of government. In this system, an ecclesia, made up of all male citizens over 18 years of age, would debate bills and advise the high ups, also, in the later years of democracy, they elected the generals themselv es. The council of 500 was comprised of 50 people, (30 years of age or older, male, and citizens of Athens) in ten specific governing committees. People could only hold this position once in their lives and only for a tenth of a year. Finally the ten Generals would act as the Presidents of Athens.They upheld democratic policy and decided upon military actions. Despite its initial simplicity, this system actually had a fairly modern form of what is now referred to as the system of checks and balances. Athenians figured that if any of the Generals held power for too long, an autocratic system would be the by-product. To keep the generals in line, they were re-elected by the ecclesia on a yearly basis. Dr. Josiah Ober of the Stanford university political science factually has said Athens beats all other poleis on all measures of practical success (Ober 6).It has now been proven that the Athenian government was the most successful government of its time. This is reaffirming and solidif ying the thesis statement proclaiming that the ancient Greeks have been the most influential civilization to the modern world. Not only was their government wildly successful, but also its general form is still followed today. Many say that, in fact, the Egyptians have added the most to todays knowledge of architecture. The main argument presented here is that the pyramids, in particular, the Great Pyramid of Giza, have influenced modern architects more than any ancient Greek creation.The pyramids led to an advanced knowledge in triangle and subsequently many mathematical formulas. Also, they were not only accurately symmetrical for the time, but even by todays rigorous architectural and building standards they are almost perfectly symmetrical. An amazing feat considering the lack of technology at the time. However, Greek architecture has been far more influential to modern buildings. Firstly, although the pyramids are jaw dropping, they are not yearlong built today therefore they have very little influence.The Greek columns however, are used quite frequently today on a number of prominent building worldwide, most notably, the Whitehouse, the Abraham Lincoln memorial, and the puritanic Mosque. The fact that they are used today clearly shows their influence worldwide. Mark Damen, faculty of Utah order University has said In Athens, stands Holy structureswhich mark an important turning point in the history of horse opera architecture not only for inaugurating a new type of building design, but also because it suggests that the ancient Greeks had begun to embrace a novel way of looking at the world (Damen 3).This statement reaffirms the fact that Greek temples were far ahead of their time and set the precedent for thousands of years to come. Also, in terms of worldwide influence, the Greeks have contributed more than just columns and temples. The Greeks transformed the common perception of acoustics by creating the amphitheatre. The amphitheatre was built int o a tilt face and could seat thousands. But even those hundreds of feet away from the performers could still hear their voices. This is due to the funnel-like acoustics in an amphitheatre.Even with the design of microphones, amphitheatres are still being built worldwide today. The Hollywood Bowl and most professional sports stadiums utilize amphitheatre technology. Although it goes without saying that the creation of the pyramids is magnificent, the ancient Greeks have, on a whole, contributed more to modern architecture than any other civilization. Despite the fact that many other civilizations have influenced the modern world greatly, no civilization has outdone the influence of ancient Greece.The Greeks, have reformed the areas of art and architecture by adding a great dope of detail to artwork and sculptures while also creating buildings still marveled today. Furthermore, the Greeks were the first to use a democratic system of government the basic principles of this system ar e utilized in almost every country. From the dawn of man, people have tried to create groundbreaking ideas in all aspects of life. It is clear, with the evidence presented, that no civilization has done more to influence the modern world than the ancient Greeks.

Carrier Planning Report for Mba Student

CAREER PLANNING ASSIGNMENT DEEPENDRA SINGH A30101911072 Sec- B, Sem-IV A flight has been defined as the sequence of a persons experiences on different jobs overthe period of time. It is viewed as fundamentally a relationship between one and only(a) or more organizations and the singleistic. A career is a sequence of positions/jobs held by a person during the lean of his workinglife. Many of todays employees have high stomachations about their jobs. There has been a generalincrease in the concern of the quality of life.Workers expect more from their jobs than justincome. A further impetus to career proviso is the need for organizations to make the best affirmable use of their most valuable resources the people in a time of rapid technological sprainth and change. Career grooming as a concern is of recent origin. The reason for thislack of concern regarding career blueprintning for a foresighted time has been the careless,unrealistic assumption about employees functioning smo othly along the refine lines and thebelief that the employees guide themselves in their careers.Modern personnel administration has to be futuristic, it has to look beyond the present tasks,since neither the requirements of the organization nor the attitudes and abilities of employeesare constant. It is too pricy to leave career to the tyranny of time and casualty ofcircumstances, for it is something which requires to be handled carefully through systematization and skipper promoting. Fortunately, there has lately been someappreciation of the value of career planning and acceptance of validity of career development as a major input in organisational development.Career Planning aims at identifying personal skills, interest, knowledge and early(a) featuresand establishes specific plans to attain specific goals. Aims and Objectives of Career Planning Career Planning aims at matching individual potential for promotion and individualaspirations with organisational needs and opportunit ies. Career Planning is making sure thatthe organization has the indemnify people with the right skills at the right time. In particular itindicates what training and development would be requisite for advancing in the careeraltering the career path or staying in the current position.Its cogitate is on futurity needs andopportunities and removal of stagnation, obsolescence & dissatis pointion of the employee. OBJECTIVE OF CAREER PLANNING To attract and retain the right type of person in the organization. To map out career of employees suitable to their ability and their willingness to betrained and developed for higher(prenominal) positions. To have a more stable workforce by reducing labour turnover and absenteeism. It contributes to creation power planning as well as organizational development andeffectiveachievement of corporate goals. To increasingly go for the managerial gift available at all levels within theorganization. It helps employee in thinking of long full term involvement with the organization. To provide guidance and encourage employees to fulfill their potentials. To achieve higher productivity and organizational development. To tell better use of benignant resource through more satisfied and productiveemployees. To meet the immediate and future adult male resource needs of the organization on thetimely basis. NEED FOR CAREER PLANNING Desire to grow and scale new heights. Realize and achieve the goals. Performance measure. High employee turnover. To educate the employees It causes employees to grow. It motivates employees to avail training and development. It increases employee obedience as they feel organization cares about them. ADVANTAGES OF CAREER PLANNING In fact both individuals and the organization are going to benefit from career planning anddevelopment. For Individuals 1. The process of career planning helps the individual to have the knowledge of variouscareer opportunities, his priorities etc. . This knowledge helps him select the career that is suitable to his life styles, preferences,family environment, orbital cavity for self-development etc. 3. It helps the organization identify internal employees who can be promoted. 4. Internal promotions, up gradation and transfers motivate the employees, boost uptheir morale and also result in increased job contentment. 5. Increased job satisfaction enhances employee commitment and creates a senseof belongingness and loyalty to the organization. . Employee will await his turn of promotion rather than changing to another(prenominal) organization. This will lower employee turnover. 7. It improves employees performance on the job by taping their potential abilities andfurther employee turnover. 8. It satisfies employee look upon needs. For Organizations A long-term focus of career planning and development will increase the effectiveness ofhuman resource management. The advantages of career planning anddevelopment for an organization include 1.Efficient car eer planning and development ensures the availability of human resourceswith required skill, knowledge and talent. 2. The efficient policies and practices improve the organizations ability to attract and retainhighly skilled and talent employees. 3. The proper career planning ensures that the women and people belong to backwardcommunities get opportunities for growth and development. 4. The career plan forever tries to satisfy the employee expectations and as suchminimizes employee frustration. 5.By attracting and retaining the people from different cultures, enhances cultural diversity. 6. Protecting employees interest results in promoting organizational goodwill. CAREER PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 1. Identifying individual needs and aspirations Its necessary to identify and conduct the career goals, aspiration and career anchors ofevery employee because most individuals may not have a make water idea about these. For thispurpose, a human resource inventory of the organizat ion and employee potential areasconcerned. 2. Analyzing career opportunitiesThe organizational set up, future plans and career system of the employees are analyzed toidentify the career opportunities available within it. Career paths can be determined for eachposition. It can also necessary to analyze career demands in terms of knowledge, skill,experience, aptitude etc. 3. Identifying match and mismatch A mechanism to identifying congruence between individual current aspirations andorganizational career system is developed to identify and compare specific areas of matchand mismatch for different categories of employees. 4.Formulating and implementing strategies substitute action plans and strategies for dealing with the match and mismatch areformulated and implemented. 5. check outing career plans A periodic review of the career plan is necessary to know whether the plan is contributing toeffective utilization of human resources by matching employee objectives to job needs. Review will also indicate to employees in which direction the organization is moving, whatchanges are likely to take locate and what skills are needed to adapt to the changing needs ofthe organization.

Chemistry Lab Report on standardization of acid and bases Essay

Purpose To prep are standardize stem of sodium hydroxide and to determine the concentration of unexplored sulfuric acid ascendant. Data and Calculations This experiment is divided into two parts ( section A and Part B). In the commencement part of experiment, the standardize solution of sodium hydroxide is prepared by titrating it with base kibibyte hydrogen phthalate (KHP). The indicator Phenolphthalein is apply to determine that whether titration is complete or not.PART A Standardization of a Sodium Hydroxide solution NaOH Sample Code = O discharge 1 citizenry of KHP transferred = 0.42 g heap of Distilled water = 25 mL Volume of NaOH used = 22.50 mL Molar mass of KHP = 204.22 g/ jetty No. of moles of KHP = Mass of KHP used / Molar mass = 0.42 g / 204.22 g/mol = 0.0021 moles tightfistedness of NaOH = No. of moles / Volume = 0.0021 mol / (22.50 + 25) / century0 L * 100 = 4.4 M Trial 2 Mass of KHP transferred = 0.4139 g Volume of Distilled water = 25 mL Volume of NaOH used = 22.80 mL Molar mass of KHP = 204.22 g/mol No. of moles of KHP = Mass of KHP used / Molar mass = 0.4139 g / 204.22 g/mol = 0.0020267 moles intentness of NaOH = No. of moles / Volume = 0.0020267 mol / (22.80 + 25) / 1000 L * 100 = 4.24 M Trial 3 Mass of KHP transferred = 0.4239 g Volume of Distilled water = 25 mL Volume of NaOH used = 23.10 mL Molar mass of KHP = 204.22 g/mol No. of moles of KHP = Mass of KHP used / Molar mass = 0.4239 g / 204.22 g/mol = 0.0020757 moles assiduity of NaOH = No. of moles / Volume = 0.0020757 mol / (23.10 + 25) / 1000 L * 100 = 4.32 M Trial 4 Mass of KHP transferred = 0.4311 g Volume of Distilled water = 25 mL Volume of NaOH used = 22.60 mL Molar mass of KHP = 204.22 g/mol No. of moles of KHP = Mass of KHP used / Molar mass = 0.4311 g / 204.22 g/mol = 0.0021109 moles ducking of NaOH = No. of moles / Volume = 0.0021109 mol / (22.60 + 25) / 1000 L * 100 = 4.43 M Table dock 1 Mass weighing bottle + KHP (g) Mass empty weighing bottle (g) Mass of KHP tra nsferred (g) initial volume of burette, Vi (mL) Final Volume of burette, Vf(mL) Volume of NaOH used (mL) Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 11.561 11.6217 11.6113 11.6329 11.1461 11.2078 11.1874 11.2018 0.4200 0.4139 0.4239 0.4311 4.30 6.30 10.1 33.20 26.80 29.10 33.20 55.80 22.50 22.80 23.10 22.60 Concentration of NaOH (moles/L) 4.4 4.24 4.32 Average concentration of NaOH = 4.4 M + 4.24 M + 4.32 M + 4.43 M / 4 = 4.35 M 1. % disparity mingled withTrial 1 and Trail 2 = 4.24 M / 4.4 M * 100 % = 96.3 % fight = (100 96.3) % = 3.7 % 2. % Difference among Trial 2 and Trail 3 = 4.24 M / 4.32 M * 100 % = 98.1 % Difference = (100 98.1) % = 1.9 % 3. % Difference between Trial 3 and Trail 4 = 4.32 M / 4.43 M * 100 % = 97.5 % Difference = (100 97.5) % = 2.5 % 4.43 Observations KHP is white gloss crystals and has definite shape. NaOH is clear and see-through solution with no color. In the first trial, after adding 90 drops of NaOH solution there was repeatedly manner and disappearance of get dow n pink color. When the whole solution of KHP and water get titrated then, the color of solution becomes light pink and it stays permanently. The same color changes happen with the next three trials. Concentration of NaOH was almost standardized for every trials. PART B Concentration of Sulfuric Acid solution H2SO4 Sample Code = 34Trial 1 Volume reduce acid = 25 mL Volume of NaOH used = 14.39 mL H2SO4 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) 2H2O (l) + 2Na2SO4 (aq) Average concentration of NaOH = 4.35 M No. of moles of NaOH = (Average concentration of NaOH) * (Volume of NaOH used) = 4.35 M * (14.39 / 1000) L = 0.0626 moles No. of moles of H2SO4 = 0.0626 mol / 2 = 0.0313 moles Concentration of H2SO4 = No. of moles / (volume of diluted acid / 1000) = 0.0313 mol / (25 / 1000) L = 1.2 M Trial 2 Volume diluted acid = 25 mL Volume of NaOH used = 13.51 mL H2SO4 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) 2H2O (l) + 2Na2SO4 (aq) Average concentration of NaOH = 4.35 M No. of moles of NaOH = (Average concentration of NaOH) * (Volume of NaOH used) = 4.35 M * (13.51 / 1000) L = 0.0588 moles No. of moles of H2SO4 = 0.0588 mol / 2 = 0.0294 moles Concentration of H2SO4 = No. of moles / (volume of diluted acid / 1000) = 0.0294 mol / (25 / 1000) L = 1.2 M Trial 3 Volume diluted acid = 25 mL Volume of NaOH used = 14.10 mL H2SO4 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) 2H2O (l) + 2Na2SO4 (aq) Average concentration of NaOH = 4.35 M No. of moles of NaOH = (Average concentration of NaOH) * (Volume of NaOH used) = 4.35 M * (14.10 / 1000) L = 0.0613 moles No. of moles of H2SO4 = 0.0613 mol / 2 = 0.0307 moles Concentration of H2SO4 = No. of moles / (volume of diluted acid / 1000) = 0.0307 mol / (25 / 1000) L = 1.2 M Trial 4 Volume diluted acid = 25 mL Volume of NaOH used = 14.20 mL H2SO4 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) 2H2O (l) + 2Na2SO4 (aq) Average concentration of NaOH = 4.35 M No. of moles of NaOH = (Average concentration of NaOH) * (Volume of NaOH used) = 4.35 M * (14.20 / 1000) L = 0.0618 moles No. of moles of H2SO4 = 0.0618 mol / 2 = 0.0309 moles Concentration o f H2SO4 = No. of moles /(volume of diluted acid / 1000) = 0.0309 mol / (25 / 1000) L = 1.2 M % Difference between Trail 1 and Trail 2 = 1.2 M / 1.2 M * 100 % = 100 % Difference = (100 100) % =0% % Difference between Trail 1 and Trail 2 = 1.2 M / 1.2 M * 100 % = 100 % Difference = (100 100) % =0% % Difference between Trail 1 and Trail 2 = 1.2 M / 1.2 M * 100 % = 100 % Difference = (100 100) % =0% % Difference between Trail 1 and Trail 2 = 1.2 M / 1.2 M * 100 % = 100 % Difference = (100 100) % =0%Table 2 Trail 1 Volume diluted acid titrated (mL) Initial Volume of burette, Vi (mL) Final Volume of burette, Vf (mL) Volume NaOH used (mL) Concentration Of Sulfuric Acid Trail 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 25 25 25 25 2.41 17.20 8.50 22.60 16.94 30.71 22.60 36.80 14.39 13.51 14.10 14.20 1.2 M 1.2 M 1.2 M 1.2 M Observations The H2SO4 is colorless and transparent liquid. The NaOH solution is colorless, odorless and transparent liquid. While doing the first trail, there were continuous appearance and d isappearance of light pink color. After adding 10 mL of NaOH solution the pink color starts appearing. At certain volume the light pink color appeared, indicating that titration is done. The indictor phenolphthalein has no color and there was no specific odor of reagent. Discussion Average concentration of NaOH solution was 4.35 M. There are many sources of error in this experiment as we got some percentage discrepancys in the two contrary trials.For the Trial 1 and Trial 2, the percentage leaving is 3.7 % which is signifi jakest difference to be noted. This percentage difference could occur referable to many reasons much(prenominal) as not measuring the KHP right as we got 0.42 g for first trial and 0.4139 g for second trial of KHP for performing titration but it is more than required care for as per literature value is concerned (0.40 g). The almost same percentagedifference occurs for next two trials (1.9 % and 2.5 %). The KHP is always 99.9 % pure, so the titration shoul d give perfect results (Lab Manual). The some early(a) achievable errors was due to the disturbance on the shelf by other students where analytical equilibrium is placed in balance room, as it accept variability in the value in weight of KHP. In Part B of experiment, the average concentration of sulfuric was found to be 1.2 M and there was 100 % titration of both reagent (NaOH and H2SO4).This 100 % results comes due to signifi croupet figures, if significant figures would not be concerned then there would be error of 1.0 % to 2.0 % in every two trials. There was superposable difference of volume of NaOH used to titrate the acid for eachtrial due to some possible errors. The possible errors in this Part of experiment were same as for Part A, as the process is followed in the same way. The most significant error could occur by not shaking the flask properly magical spell adding sodium hydroxide solution and not recognizing the pink color on the instant it appears and adding the NaOH solution vigorously into the sulfuric acid. Questions The 10 mL volumetric pipette is rinse 2 or 5 times to make sure there is no bubble inside be clear air bubble can cause error in the measurement of concentration because the actual volume of unknown will be less.The accuracy and precision for both sets of experiment was almost same as there were percentage difference of concentrations lies only in 2 % to 4 %. The endpoints of titration for each set of trails in both cases (Part A and Part B) were almost same but there is little difference in volume of NaOH used which cause errors in accuracy and precision of experiment. Using the analytical balance is really careful job as it is most unblemished weighing machine with accuracy of 0.0004 g (Lab Manual) and we need to be prcised use the balance but some few disturbance can cause big error such as disturbance other students on the shelf it is placed on and not reading the balance properly and taking measurements fastly.Using Volumetric glassware is other method to be more accurate in experiment but there are some possible random error while reading the values such as not reading the lower meniscus of liquid cause error and not removing the air bubble from the burette and using the beaker in place graduated piston chamber in case of volume as graduated cylinder is more accurate as compared to beaker (0.02 g) (Lab Manual). Sources of experimental Error include The Analytical balance could give wrong reading because of the disturbance due to other students on the shelf it is placed on. Also, taking the reading rapidly and not considering the reading when balance discover gets steady. The possible error can occur using wrong glassware like using beaker or else of graduated cylinder. The error could occur while taking reading through graduated cylinder and not considering the lower meniscus of liquid.The air bubble in burette can cause error in the true value of NaOH used. Few drops of liquid remain in bu rette and volumetric pipette which causes the error. non shaking the flask properly while adding the NaOH solution. Adding the NaOH solution vigorously into the flask. Not recognizing the pink color flat as it appears.Adding the more drops of indicator as needed (2 or 3 drops). The biggest error occur due to leaking of NaOH solution form burette, we lost 4 drops during every one trial and it cause the significant error in reading the volume of NaOH used. There is water left after washing the glass wares which can cause the error. This lab could be improved by improving the method of drying the graduated cylinder and beaker in the lead filling it with the NaOH solution.The glassware could be dried by small amount of acetone. Any acetone could be removed by evaporation. Finally, the experimenter should remove the clinging droplets to the neck of burette and volumetric pipette by using Kim Wipe. end After careful consideration of all the results and all the possible concentration, it is concluded that the average concentration of NaOH (sample canon O) was 4.35 M and average concentration of H2SO4 (sample code 34) was 1.2 M.

Innovation Strategy at Microsoft Essay

Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational software corporation that develops, manufacturers, licenses and supports a wide range of products and work related to computing. Microsoft is the worlds largest software maker and affects millions of users worldwide every day. The company recorded uncomparable high revenue bringing in $73.7 billion for fiscal year 2012.After analyzing this case, I consecrate concluded that the main problem for Microsoft is that their deep silos are inevitably hindering its ability to produce products and/or service to compete with current computing trends in the fabrication. While Microsoft continues to dominate the computing world, it can non be attributed to their creative activity strategy. To address these problems I suggest that Microsoft alter their environment to better simulate innovation. Microsoft should create an environmental finis in which employees are encouraged to venture outside their tasks, minimal time pressure, and high job aegis give positive feedback for initiatives taken.These recommendations are based on specific c at one timepts from the book. Current environment inside Microsoft does not currently provide positive feedback. Their current environments sets commitments for each division and employees are faced with performance evaluations. When employees failed to get through designated commitments, employees were penalized. Addition wholey, employees are penalized for taking on activities unrelated to their commitments. First in chapter 6 we precept that in an industry where egression is slowing and competition becomes stronger, an giving medications success requires innovation. This is why it is recommended that Microsoft localize on simulating innovation.We saw that innovators derive from individual developers and at that placeby can be considered the true source of innovative products. While an organization system sham and creative individuals are key stakeholders in the business, it is not enough to drive innovation. Per chapter 6, there are several effective ways to simulate innovation- of which are the recommendations suggested above. renewing Strategy at Microsoft Clouds on the HorizonACC Applied Carbon Corporation (large environmental technology conglomerate) EBC (Executive Briefing Center)Innovation team- gate was engage with the engineer and the algorithm, he talked about how the algorithm that could increase the speed of the search This suggestion by gate reduced time used on massive server banks Later he proposed an innovation to monetisation assume that would save corps millions of energy time. Innovation at Microsoft Top-Down or Bottom-Up?Innovation drivers Product groups, Microsoft Research labs, Innovation teams generating grassroots innovation Innovation at Microsoft really was a one-woman(prenominal) show, vision and drive of a senior leader, i.e. Gates, then would work its way down Gates would send out memos calling for dramatic change in produ cts, services and technologies Microsoft offered Extensions on existing products & services result of product groups New products & services accounted for 1/3 Microsoft RevGrassroot InnovationGrassroot innovation- attempt to hook into diverse ideas of Microsoft employees & turn into profitable new businesses Participated in ThinkWeek, Quest, IdeAgency & Innovation Outreach Program ThinkWeek- technical papers submitted once a year directly to Gates who reviews them for a week & makes comments Quest- Similar to ThinkWeek but involved Microsofts some senior & accomplished technical minds Thinkweek & Quest tapped into minds of senior technical staff- ignored other employees IdeAgency- to safe realize potential in grassroots innovation by all Microsoft employees Executive sponsor (most probable product group leader) identified a prb that needed a solution & all employees through an IdeaExchange beak would submit solutions Learning by doing- needed more adjustments- submitting ideas wasnt enough.Therefore top ideas of IdeAgency were selected (ie. 300 first session), form groups, were given a budget & resources to develop a prototype within 8 weeks. ThinkWeek, Quest, IdeAgency- all internal request for info, IOP implemented to include public Chief innovation officers from 10 Microsoft largest accounts for two-day innovation brainstorm conference- asked to look 5 years ahead (LT ignore ST) Steep believed this would drive innovation b/c had two critical flows of information done in product groups & Microsoft research labs 1. Top-down guidance2. bottom-up expertiseThe Information Technology Industry Clouds on the Horizon Grassroots innovation initiatives response to increase competition from all sides (apple, amazon, google, linux and others) Microsoft generated most rev from consumer & enterprise licenses for software products 08 operating income $22.5B on rev of $60.4B (15% growth rate) New technologies threaten importance of Windows operating system as a univ ersal platform, chthonianmining traditional licensing model used by Microsoft for so long Microsoft business model relied heavily on product groups within divisions while each group tailored its software development process to its core technology & grocery Product groups worked closely with Sales, Marketing & Service division to deliver on customer needs Again, licensing model has been successful for Microsoft but many business analysts that shrink-wrapped software method of generating revenue will be noncurrent and lose to cloud computing items 2000 Apple launched MobileMeYahoo implemented online advertising business model amazon online service & transaction business modelGoogle online info search leaderGrassroots Innovation under MicroscopeProduct groups focus on ST & Research labs on LTSo many processes running concurrently with much of capital tied into them is Microsoft delivering on its process? The ThinkWeek & Quest relied heavily no Gates- so what if he get out? IdeAg ency great on paper- while delivered many successes, few drawbacks- immense time required to facilitate overly many hurdles trying to make fruitful collaborations in resistant environment Too much effort to get anything going across the product groups Many employees refused to work on projects beyond their be objectives and commitments out of fear of receiving poor evaluations Organization Structure & DesignThree divisions Platform Products & Services, Microsoft Business & amusement & Devices Deep silos that barely communicated or collaboratedThree business divisions, seven business groups & 27 product groups were told to focus on its own individual profit/loss. Business groups didnt have time or inducing to participate in collaborations away from their own group Culture & BeliefsDeveloper-centric company b/c most employees possessed extraordinary amount of tech expertise- every employee (even senior mgmt.) had small office with a private policy to concentrate better Culture a result of Gates behavior and mgmt. system drive by 3 core beliefs- 1) individual excellence (believed they had brightest employees in the world) 2) competitive behavior3) accepted to neer accept 2nd best (Go Big or Go Home)These believes lead to extreme intra- and interfirm competition vividness Competition amongst each other for positionsPersonal meeting with Gates & his lieutenants in which major employees are dissected & reviewed (can make or break your career at Microsoft) Culture & BeliefsIndividual & group incentives were primarily influenced by commitments tied to each employees output- detailed objectives stated in form of a contract between employee & supervisor. At beginning of year commitments set in stone & couldnt be changed.